Docker Compose 快速入门与常用命令

Docker Compose 是什么？

Docker Compose 通过一个 YAML 文件定义多容器应用，用一条命令启动、停止、管理整个应用栈。相比于逐个运行 docker run，Compose 让我们可以像管理单个应用一样管理服务依赖、端口映射、网络配置和数据持久化。

快速开始

version: '3.8'
services:
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
"8080:80"
    volumes:
./html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
    depends_on:
api
api:
    image: node:18-alpine
    working_dir: /app
    volumes:
./api:/app

    command: node server.js

docker compose up
docker compose up -d
docker compose down

常用命令

docker compose up
docker compose up --build
docker compose up -d
docker compose ps
docker compose logs -f api
docker compose exec api sh
docker compose stop
docker compose start
docker compose down
docker compose down --rmi local
docker compose build --no-cache
docker compose config --services

常用配置项

version: '3.8'
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: myapp:latest
    container_name: myapp-container
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
"3000:3000"

    environment:
      NODE_ENV: production
      DB_HOST: db
      DB_PORT: 5432
    volumes:
app-data:/app/data

./config:/app/config:ro

    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

postgres:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    volumes:
postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

volumes:
  app-data:
  postgres-data:

环境变量文件

COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=myapp
TAG=1.0
DB_PASSWORD=secret123

services:
  app:
    image: myapp:${TAG}
    container_name: ${COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME}-app